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# Commander.js
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[](http://travis-ci.org/tj/commander.js)
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[](https://www.npmjs.org/package/commander)
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[](https://npmcharts.com/compare/commander?minimal=true)
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[](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=commander)
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The complete solution for [node.js](http://nodejs.org) command-line interfaces, inspired by Ruby's [commander](https://github.com/commander-rb/commander).
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- [Commander.js](#commanderjs)
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- [Installation](#installation)
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- [Declaring _program_ variable](#declaring-program-variable)
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- [Options](#options)
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- [Common option types, boolean and value](#common-option-types-boolean-and-value)
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- [Default option value](#default-option-value)
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- [Other option types, negatable boolean and flag|value](#other-option-types-negatable-boolean-and-flagvalue)
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- [Custom option processing](#custom-option-processing)
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- [Version option](#version-option)
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- [Commands](#commands)
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- [Specify the argument syntax](#specify-the-argument-syntax)
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- [Action handler (sub)commands](#action-handler-subcommands)
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- [Git-style executable (sub)commands](#git-style-executable-subcommands)
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- [Automated --help](#automated---help)
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- [Custom help](#custom-help)
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- [.usage and .name](#usage-and-name)
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- [.outputHelp(cb)](#outputhelpcb)
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- [.helpOption(flags, description)](#helpoptionflags-description)
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- [.help(cb)](#helpcb)
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- [Custom event listeners](#custom-event-listeners)
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- [Bits and pieces](#bits-and-pieces)
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- [TypeScript](#typescript)
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- [Node options such as `--harmony`](#node-options-such-as---harmony)
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- [Node debugging](#node-debugging)
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- [Examples](#examples)
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- [License](#license)
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- [Support](#support)
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## Installation
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```bash
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npm install commander
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```
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## Declaring _program_ variable
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Commander exports a global object which is convenient for quick programs.
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This is used in the examples in this README for brevity.
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```js
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const program = require('commander');
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program.version('0.0.1');
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```
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For larger programs which may use commander in multiple ways, including unit testing, it is better to create a local Command object to use.
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```js
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const commander = require('commander');
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const program = new commander.Command();
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program.version('0.0.1');
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```
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## Options
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Options are defined with the `.option()` method, also serving as documentation for the options. Each option can have a short flag (single character) and a long name, separated by a comma or space.
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The options can be accessed as properties on the Command object. Multi-word options such as "--template-engine" are camel-cased, becoming `program.templateEngine` etc. Multiple short flags may be combined as a single arg, for example `-abc` is equivalent to `-a -b -c`.
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### Common option types, boolean and value
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The two most used option types are a boolean flag, and an option which takes a value (declared using angle brackets). Both are `undefined` unless specified on command line.
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```js
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const program = require('commander');
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program
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.option('-d, --debug', 'output extra debugging')
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.option('-s, --small', 'small pizza size')
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.option('-p, --pizza-type <type>', 'flavour of pizza');
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program.parse(process.argv);
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if (program.debug) console.log(program.opts());
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console.log('pizza details:');
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if (program.small) console.log('- small pizza size');
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if (program.pizzaType) console.log(`- ${program.pizzaType}`);
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```
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```bash
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$ pizza-options -d
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{ debug: true, small: undefined, pizzaType: undefined }
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pizza details:
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$ pizza-options -p
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error: option '-p, --pizza-type <type>' argument missing
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$ pizza-options -ds -p vegetarian
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{ debug: true, small: true, pizzaType: 'vegetarian' }
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pizza details:
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- small pizza size
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- vegetarian
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$ pizza-options --pizza-type=cheese
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pizza details:
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- cheese
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```
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`program.parse(arguments)` processes the arguments, leaving any args not consumed by the options as the `program.args` array.
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### Default option value
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You can specify a default value for an option which takes a value.
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```js
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const program = require('commander');
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program
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.option('-c, --cheese <type>', 'add the specified type of cheese', 'blue');
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program.parse(process.argv);
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console.log(`cheese: ${program.cheese}`);
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```
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```bash
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$ pizza-options
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cheese: blue
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$ pizza-options --cheese stilton
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cheese: stilton
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```
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### Other option types, negatable boolean and flag|value
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You can specify a boolean option long name with a leading `no-` to set the option value to false when used.
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Defined alone this also makes the option true by default.
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If you define `--foo` first, adding `--no-foo` does not change the default value from what it would
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otherwise be. You can specify a default boolean value for a boolean flag and it can be overridden on command line.
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```js
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const program = require('commander');
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program
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.option('--no-sauce', 'Remove sauce')
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.option('--cheese <flavour>', 'cheese flavour', 'mozzarella')
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.option('--no-cheese', 'plain with no cheese')
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.parse(process.argv);
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const sauceStr = program.sauce ? 'sauce' : 'no sauce';
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const cheeseStr = (program.cheese === false) ? 'no cheese' : `${program.cheese} cheese`;
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console.log(`You ordered a pizza with ${sauceStr} and ${cheeseStr}`);
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```
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```bash
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$ pizza-options
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You ordered a pizza with sauce and mozzarella cheese
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$ pizza-options --sauce
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error: unknown option '--sauce'
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$ pizza-options --cheese=blue
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You ordered a pizza with sauce and blue cheese
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$ pizza-options --no-sauce --no-cheese
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You ordered a pizza with no sauce and no cheese
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```
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You can specify an option which functions as a flag but may also take a value (declared using square brackets).
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```js
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const program = require('commander');
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program
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.option('-c, --cheese [type]', 'Add cheese with optional type');
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program.parse(process.argv);
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if (program.cheese === undefined) console.log('no cheese');
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else if (program.cheese === true) console.log('add cheese');
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else console.log(`add cheese type ${program.cheese}`);
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```
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```bash
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$ pizza-options
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no cheese
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$ pizza-options --cheese
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add cheese
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$ pizza-options --cheese mozzarella
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add cheese type mozzarella
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```
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### Custom option processing
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You may specify a function to do custom processing of option values. The callback function receives two parameters, the user specified value and the
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previous value for the option. It returns the new value for the option.
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This allows you to coerce the option value to the desired type, or accumulate values, or do entirely custom processing.
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You can optionally specify the default/starting value for the option after the function.
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```js
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const program = require('commander');
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function myParseInt(value, dummyPrevious) {
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// parseInt takes a string and an optional radix
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return parseInt(value);
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}
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|
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function increaseVerbosity(dummyValue, previous) {
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return previous + 1;
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}
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function collect(value, previous) {
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return previous.concat([value]);
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}
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function commaSeparatedList(value, dummyPrevious) {
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return value.split(',');
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}
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program
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.option('-f, --float <number>', 'float argument', parseFloat)
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.option('-i, --integer <number>', 'integer argument', myParseInt)
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.option('-v, --verbose', 'verbosity that can be increased', increaseVerbosity, 0)
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.option('-c, --collect <value>', 'repeatable value', collect, [])
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.option('-l, --list <items>', 'comma separated list', commaSeparatedList)
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;
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program.parse(process.argv);
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if (program.float !== undefined) console.log(`float: ${program.float}`);
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if (program.integer !== undefined) console.log(`integer: ${program.integer}`);
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if (program.verbose > 0) console.log(`verbosity: ${program.verbose}`);
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if (program.collect.length > 0) console.log(program.collect);
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if (program.list !== undefined) console.log(program.list);
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```
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||||
```bash
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$ custom -f 1e2
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float: 100
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||||
$ custom --integer 2
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||||
integer: 2
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||||
$ custom -v -v -v
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verbose: 3
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$ custom -c a -c b -c c
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[ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]
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||||
$ custom --list x,y,z
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[ 'x', 'y', 'z' ]
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
### Version option
|
||||
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||||
The optional `version` method adds handling for displaying the command version. The default option flags are `-V` and `--version`, and when present the command prints the version number and exits.
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||||
|
||||
```js
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program.version('0.0.1');
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
```bash
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$ ./examples/pizza -V
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0.0.1
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may change the flags and description by passing additional parameters to the `version` method, using
|
||||
the same syntax for flags as the `option` method. The version flags can be named anything, but a long name is required.
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||||
|
||||
```js
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program.version('0.0.1', '-v, --vers', 'output the current version');
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```
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## Commands
|
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You can specify (sub)commands for your top-level command using `.command`. There are two ways these can be implemented: using an action handler attached to the command, or as a separate executable file (described in more detail later). In the first parameter to `.command` you specify the command name and any command arguments. The arguments may be `<required>` or `[optional]`, and the last argument may also be `variadic...`.
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|
||||
For example:
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|
||||
```js
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// Command implemented using action handler (description is supplied separately to `.command`)
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// Returns new command for configuring.
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||||
program
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.command('clone <source> [destination]')
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.description('clone a repository into a newly created directory')
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.action((source, destination) => {
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console.log('clone command called');
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});
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||||
|
||||
// Command implemented using separate executable file (description is second parameter to `.command`)
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// Returns top-level command for adding more commands.
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program
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||||
.command('start <service>', 'start named service')
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.command('stop [service]', 'stop named service, or all if no name supplied');
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Specify the argument syntax
|
||||
|
||||
You use `.arguments` to specify the arguments for the top-level command, and for subcommands they are included in the `.command` call. Angled brackets (e.g. `<required>`) indicate required input. Square brackets (e.g. `[optional]`) indicate optional input.
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
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const program = require('commander');
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||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.version('0.1.0')
|
||||
.arguments('<cmd> [env]')
|
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.action(function (cmd, env) {
|
||||
cmdValue = cmd;
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||||
envValue = env;
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||||
|
||||
if (typeof cmdValue === 'undefined') {
|
||||
console.error('no command given!');
|
||||
process.exit(1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
console.log('command:', cmdValue);
|
||||
console.log('environment:', envValue || "no environment given");
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The last argument of a command can be variadic, and only the last argument. To make an argument variadic you
|
||||
append `...` to the argument name. For example:
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const program = require('commander');
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.version('0.1.0')
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.command('rmdir <dir> [otherDirs...]')
|
||||
.action(function (dir, otherDirs) {
|
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console.log('rmdir %s', dir);
|
||||
if (otherDirs) {
|
||||
otherDirs.forEach(function (oDir) {
|
||||
console.log('rmdir %s', oDir);
|
||||
});
|
||||
}
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The variadic argument is passed to the action handler as an array. (And this also applies to `program.args`.)
|
||||
|
||||
### Action handler (sub)commands
|
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|
||||
You can add options to a command that uses an action handler.
|
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The action handler gets passed a parameter for each argument you declared, and one additional argument which is the
|
||||
command object itself. This command argument has the values for the command-specific options added as properties.
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const program = require('commander');
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.command('rm <dir>')
|
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.option('-r, --recursive', 'Remove recursively')
|
||||
.action(function (dir, cmdObj) {
|
||||
console.log('remove ' + dir + (cmdObj.recursive ? ' recursively' : ''))
|
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})
|
||||
|
||||
program.parse(process.argv)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
A command's options on the command line are validated when the command is used. Any unknown options will be reported as an error. However, if an action-based command does not define an action, then the options are not validated.
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration options can be passed with the call to `.command()`. Specifying `true` for `opts.noHelp` will remove the command from the generated help output.
|
||||
|
||||
### Git-style executable (sub)commands
|
||||
|
||||
When `.command()` is invoked with a description argument, this tells commander that you're going to use separate executables for sub-commands, much like `git(1)` and other popular tools.
|
||||
Commander will search the executables in the directory of the entry script (like `./examples/pm`) with the name `program-subcommand`, like `pm-install`, `pm-search`.
|
||||
You can specify a custom name with the `executableFile` configuration option.
|
||||
|
||||
You handle the options for an executable (sub)command in the executable, and don't declare them at the top-level.
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
// file: ./examples/pm
|
||||
const program = require('commander');
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.version('0.1.0')
|
||||
.command('install [name]', 'install one or more packages')
|
||||
.command('search [query]', 'search with optional query')
|
||||
.command('update', 'update installed packages', {executableFile: 'myUpdateSubCommand'})
|
||||
.command('list', 'list packages installed', {isDefault: true})
|
||||
.parse(process.argv);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Configuration options can be passed with the call to `.command()`. Specifying `true` for `opts.noHelp` will remove the command from the generated help output. Specifying `true` for `opts.isDefault` will run the subcommand if no other subcommand is specified.
|
||||
Specifying a name with `executableFile` will override the default constructed name.
|
||||
|
||||
If the program is designed to be installed globally, make sure the executables have proper modes, like `755`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Automated --help
|
||||
|
||||
The help information is auto-generated based on the information commander already knows about your program, so the following `--help` info is for free:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
$ ./examples/pizza --help
|
||||
Usage: pizza [options]
|
||||
|
||||
An application for pizzas ordering
|
||||
|
||||
Options:
|
||||
-V, --version output the version number
|
||||
-p, --peppers Add peppers
|
||||
-P, --pineapple Add pineapple
|
||||
-b, --bbq Add bbq sauce
|
||||
-c, --cheese <type> Add the specified type of cheese (default: "marble")
|
||||
-C, --no-cheese You do not want any cheese
|
||||
-h, --help output usage information
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Custom help
|
||||
|
||||
You can display arbitrary `-h, --help` information
|
||||
by listening for "--help". Commander will automatically
|
||||
exit once you are done so that the remainder of your program
|
||||
does not execute causing undesired behaviors, for example
|
||||
in the following executable "stuff" will not output when
|
||||
`--help` is used.
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/env node
|
||||
|
||||
const program = require('commander');
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.version('0.1.0')
|
||||
.option('-f, --foo', 'enable some foo')
|
||||
.option('-b, --bar', 'enable some bar')
|
||||
.option('-B, --baz', 'enable some baz');
|
||||
|
||||
// must be before .parse() since
|
||||
// node's emit() is immediate
|
||||
|
||||
program.on('--help', function(){
|
||||
console.log('')
|
||||
console.log('Examples:');
|
||||
console.log(' $ custom-help --help');
|
||||
console.log(' $ custom-help -h');
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||||
|
||||
console.log('stuff');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Yields the following help output when `node script-name.js -h` or `node script-name.js --help` are run:
|
||||
|
||||
```Text
|
||||
Usage: custom-help [options]
|
||||
|
||||
Options:
|
||||
-h, --help output usage information
|
||||
-V, --version output the version number
|
||||
-f, --foo enable some foo
|
||||
-b, --bar enable some bar
|
||||
-B, --baz enable some baz
|
||||
|
||||
Examples:
|
||||
$ custom-help --help
|
||||
$ custom-help -h
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### .usage and .name
|
||||
|
||||
These allow you to customise the usage description in the first line of the help. The name is otherwise
|
||||
deduced from the (full) program arguments. Given:
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
program
|
||||
.name("my-command")
|
||||
.usage("[global options] command")
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The help will start with:
|
||||
|
||||
```Text
|
||||
Usage: my-command [global options] command
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### .outputHelp(cb)
|
||||
|
||||
Output help information without exiting.
|
||||
Optional callback cb allows post-processing of help text before it is displayed.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to display help by default (e.g. if no command was provided), you can use something like:
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const program = require('commander');
|
||||
const colors = require('colors');
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.version('0.1.0')
|
||||
.command('getstream [url]', 'get stream URL')
|
||||
.parse(process.argv);
|
||||
|
||||
if (!process.argv.slice(2).length) {
|
||||
program.outputHelp(make_red);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
function make_red(txt) {
|
||||
return colors.red(txt); //display the help text in red on the console
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### .helpOption(flags, description)
|
||||
|
||||
Override the default help flags and description.
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
program
|
||||
.helpOption('-e, --HELP', 'read more information');
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### .help(cb)
|
||||
|
||||
Output help information and exit immediately.
|
||||
Optional callback cb allows post-processing of help text before it is displayed.
|
||||
|
||||
## Custom event listeners
|
||||
|
||||
You can execute custom actions by listening to command and option events.
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
program.on('option:verbose', function () {
|
||||
process.env.VERBOSE = this.verbose;
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
// error on unknown commands
|
||||
program.on('command:*', function () {
|
||||
console.error('Invalid command: %s\nSee --help for a list of available commands.', program.args.join(' '));
|
||||
process.exit(1);
|
||||
});
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Bits and pieces
|
||||
|
||||
### TypeScript
|
||||
|
||||
The Commander package includes its TypeScript Definition file, but also requires the node types which you need to install yourself. e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
npm install commander
|
||||
npm install --save-dev @types/node
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you use `ts-node` and git-style sub-commands written as `.ts` files, you need to call your program through node to get the sub-commands called correctly. e.g.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
node -r ts-node/register pm.ts
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Node options such as `--harmony`
|
||||
|
||||
You can enable `--harmony` option in two ways:
|
||||
|
||||
- Use `#! /usr/bin/env node --harmony` in the sub-commands scripts. (Note Windows does not support this pattern.)
|
||||
- Use the `--harmony` option when call the command, like `node --harmony examples/pm publish`. The `--harmony` option will be preserved when spawning sub-command process.
|
||||
|
||||
### Node debugging
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using the node inspector for [debugging](https://nodejs.org/en/docs/guides/debugging-getting-started/) git-style executable (sub)commands using `node -inspect` et al,
|
||||
the inspector port is incremented by 1 for the spawned subcommand.
|
||||
|
||||
## Examples
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const program = require('commander');
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.version('0.1.0')
|
||||
.option('-C, --chdir <path>', 'change the working directory')
|
||||
.option('-c, --config <path>', 'set config path. defaults to ./deploy.conf')
|
||||
.option('-T, --no-tests', 'ignore test hook');
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.command('setup [env]')
|
||||
.description('run setup commands for all envs')
|
||||
.option("-s, --setup_mode [mode]", "Which setup mode to use")
|
||||
.action(function(env, options){
|
||||
const mode = options.setup_mode || "normal";
|
||||
env = env || 'all';
|
||||
console.log('setup for %s env(s) with %s mode', env, mode);
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.command('exec <cmd>')
|
||||
.alias('ex')
|
||||
.description('execute the given remote cmd')
|
||||
.option("-e, --exec_mode <mode>", "Which exec mode to use")
|
||||
.action(function(cmd, options){
|
||||
console.log('exec "%s" using %s mode', cmd, options.exec_mode);
|
||||
}).on('--help', function() {
|
||||
console.log('');
|
||||
console.log('Examples:');
|
||||
console.log('');
|
||||
console.log(' $ deploy exec sequential');
|
||||
console.log(' $ deploy exec async');
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
program
|
||||
.command('*')
|
||||
.action(function(env){
|
||||
console.log('deploying "%s"', env);
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
program.parse(process.argv);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
More Demos can be found in the [examples](https://github.com/tj/commander.js/tree/master/examples) directory.
|
||||
|
||||
## License
|
||||
|
||||
[MIT](https://github.com/tj/commander.js/blob/master/LICENSE)
|
||||
|
||||
## Support
|
||||
|
||||
[Professionally supported commander is now available](https://tidelift.com/subscription/pkg/npm-commander?utm_source=npm-commander&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=readme)
|
||||
|
||||
Tidelift gives software development teams a single source for purchasing and maintaining their software, with professional grade assurances from the experts who know it best, while seamlessly integrating with existing tools.
|
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Reference in a new issue