actions/ssh-key-action
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Merge branch 'develop' into feature/rename-known-hosts

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@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ Useful for SCP, SFTP, and `rsync` over SSH in deployment script.
Add your SSH key to your product secrets by clicking `Settings` - `Secrets` - `Add a new secret` beforehand.
**NOTE:** OPENSSH format (key begins with `-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----`) may not work due to OpenSSH version on VM. Please use PEM format (begins with `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`) instead.
```yaml
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
@ -29,8 +31,6 @@ steps:
name: id_rsa # optional
known_hosts: ${{ secrets.KNOWN_HOSTS }} # optional
config: ${{ secrets.CONFIG }} # ssh_config; optional
- name: Install packages
run: apt install openssh-client rsync
- name: rsync over ssh
run: rsync ./foo/ user@remote:bar/
```
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ See [Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions](https://help.github.com/en/articles/wor
If you want to install multiple keys, call this action multiple times.
It is useful for port forwarding.
**NOTE:** When this action is called multiple times, **the contents of `known_hosts` and `config` will be appended**. But `private-key` must be saved as different name, by using `name` option.
**NOTE:** When this action is called multiple times, **the contents of `known-hosts` and `config` will be appended**. `private-key` must be saved as different name, by using `name` option.
```yaml
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@ -70,12 +70,53 @@ steps:
User user-of-target
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa-target
ProxyCommand ssh -W %h:%p bastion
- name: Install packages
run: apt install openssh-client
- name: SCP via port-forwarding
run: scp ./foo/ target:bar/
```
## Q&A
### SSH failed even though key has been installed.
Check belows:
* `Load key "/HOME/.ssh/id_rsa": invalid format`:
* OPENSSH format (key begins with `-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----`) may not work.
* Use PEM format (begins with `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`).
* `Host key verification failed.`:
* Set `known-hosts` option or use `ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no`.
* The former is **HIGHLY** recommended for security reason.
* I'm planning to make `known-hosts` required in v2.
### How do I use encrypted SSH key?
This action doesn't support encrypted key directly.
Here are some solutions:
* decrypting key beforehand: best bet, and works on any VM
* `sshpass` command: next best bet, but not supported on Windows
* `expect` command: be careful not to expose passphrase to console
* `SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable: might be troublesome
### Which one is the best way for transferring files, "direct SCP/SFTP/rsync" or "SCP/SFTP/rsync via bastion"?
I recommend **rsync via bastion**.
It has some advantages over other methods:
* "Rsync via bastion" doesn't require to update workflow files and `secrets` even if it is necessary to transfer files to multiple servers.
* Other methods require to update `known-hosts` if servers have changed.
* Rsync:
* is fastest of all.
* does **NOT** break files even if disconnected during transferring.
* can remove files that don't exist on server.
* SCP is [deprecated by OpenSSH](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-8.0) due to outdated and inflexible protocol.
* Using bastion is more secure because:
* it is not necessarily to expose SSH port on servers to public.
* Address filtering is less effective.
* Because Azure address range is [very wide](https://help.github.com/en/actions/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions/virtual-environments-for-github-hosted-runners#ip-addresses-of-github-hosted-runners).
* And will be updated continuously.
* if security incident ―e.g., private key leaked― occurs, it's OK just to remove `authorized_keys` on bastion.
## License
The scripts and documentation in this project are released under the [MIT License](LICENSE)
@ -84,15 +125,15 @@ The scripts and documentation in this project are released under the [MIT Licens
See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md).
[image-build]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Build/badge.svg
[image-build]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Build/badge.svg?event=push&branch=v1
[link-build]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action
[image-verify-windows]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Windows/badge.svg
[image-verify-macos]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/macOS/badge.svg
[image-verify-ubuntu]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg
[image-verify-ubuntu1604]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Ubuntu%2016.04/badge.svg
[image-verify-windows]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Windows/badge.svg?event=push&branch=v1
[link-verify-windows]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action
[image-verify-macos]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/macOS/badge.svg?event=push&branch=v1
[link-verify-macos]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action
[image-verify-ubuntu]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Ubuntu/badge.svg?event=push&branch=v1
[link-verify-ubuntu]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action
[image-verify-ubuntu1604]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/workflows/Ubuntu%2016.04/badge.svg?event=push&branch=v1
[link-verify-ubuntu1604]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action
[image-release]: https://img.shields.io/github/release/shimataro/ssh-key-action.svg
[link-release]: https://github.com/shimataro/ssh-key-action/releases